Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive and neurodegenerative disorder that induces dementia in older people. It was first reported in 1907 by Alois Alzheimer, who characterized the disease as causing memory loss and cognitive impairment. Pathologic characteristics of AD are β-amyloid plaques, neurofibrillary tangles and neurodegeneration. Current therapies only target the relief of symptoms using various drugs, and do not cure the disease. Recently, stem cell therapy has been shown to be a potential approach to various diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders, and in this review, we focus on stem cell therapies for AD.
Highlights
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, which is one of the major causes of disability and dependency among older people worldwide
Human umbilical cord-derived Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be induced to differentiate into neuron-like cells, and these cells were transplanted into an amyloid-β precursor protein (AβPP) and
We have reported that BMT plus bone grafts can prevent the recurrence of autoimmune diseases, though this method failed in MRL/lpr mice because these mice are more radiosensitive after the onset of lupus nephritis [54]
Summary
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, which is one of the major causes of disability and dependency among older people worldwide. Familial AD presents mainly as the mutation of three genes: The amyloid precursor protein (APP), Int. J. Sporadic AD results from environmental factors and risk genes, with apolipoprotein (ApoE) reportedly the most important [2]. Pathologic characteristics of AD are β-amyloid (Aβ) plaques, neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) and neurodegeneration. NFT consists of neurofibrillary protein aggregates, formed as abnormal hyperphosphorylation of tau protein, which is one of the microtubule-associated proteins [4]. These pathological changes lead to synaptic loss, neuronal dysfunction and death. Decreasing amyloid deposits and the use of antioxidant therapies have some ability to alleviate AD and, more recently, cell therapy has been seen as a potential approach to its treatment. We focus on stem cell therapies for AD
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