Abstract
Increasing attention has been paid to cell-based medicines. Many in vivo and in vitro studies have demonstrated the efficacy of stem cell transplantation for the regeneration of periodontal tissues over the past 20 years. Although positive evidence has accumulated regarding periodontal regeneration using stem cells, the exact mechanism of tissue regeneration is still largely unknown. This review outlines the practicality and emerging problems of stem cell transplantation therapy for periodontal regeneration. In addition, possible solutions to these problems and cell-free treatment are discussed.
Highlights
Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory state of periodontal tissues caused mainly by the colonization of Gram-negative bacteria [1,2]
Transplanted green fluorescent protein (GFP)-BM-mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were integrated in new conditioned medium (CM), PDL, and AB
Tsumanuma et al reported that RNA and DNA for enhanced GFP (EGFP) were detected in tissue specimens collected from dogs at 8 weeks after transplantation of allogenic periodontal ligament-derived MSCs with EGFP [39]
Summary
Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory state of periodontal tissues caused mainly by the colonization of Gram-negative bacteria [1,2]. Periodontal disease is one of the primary causes of tooth extraction worldwide [4], and it is widely recognized that periodontal treatment is important in maintaining oral functions including mastication and pronunciation. The ultimate treatment goal of periodontal disease is to regenerate lost periodontal tissues including cementum, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone. There is still no complete periodontal regenerative treatment, and research is being conducted to develop a new treatment for periodontal regeneration. In this context, attempts to regenerate periodontal tissues by stem cell transplantation have been made over the past 20 years. A number of studies have examined whether various stem cells can regenerate periodontal tissues in multiple animal models. This review provides an overview of periodontal regeneration using stem cells and summarizes the characteristics, problems, and new research developments in periodontal regeneration using stem cells
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