Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and cerebral palsy (CP) are some of the most common neurodevelopmental diseases. They have multifactorial origin, which means that each case may manifest differently from the others. In patients with ASD, symptoms associated with deficits in social communication and characteristic, repetitive types of behaviors or interests are predominant, while in patients with CP, motor disability is diagnosed with accompanying cognitive impairment of various degrees. In order to minimize their adverse effects, it is necessary to promptly diagnose and incorporate appropriate management, which can significantly improve patient quality of life. One of the therapeutic possibilities is stem cell therapy, already known from other branches of medicine, with high hopes for safe and effective treatment of these diseases. Undoubtedly, in the future we will have to face the challenges that will arise due to the still existing gaps in knowledge and the heterogeneity of this group of patients. The purpose of this systematic review is to summarize briefly the latest achievements and advances in stem cell therapy for ASD and CP.
Highlights
With the continuous development of medicine, humankind is gaining new possibilities to treat conditions that until recently could only be treated symptomatically
A systematic search was conducted in the Pubmed, Medline, and Google Scholar databases to identify the literature related to the stem cell therapies in cerebral palsy and autism spectrum disorder
In neurological diseases such as Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or cerebral palsy (CP), we mainly rely on the use of paracrine effect on host cells, obtained through the influence of substances released from the obtained cells
Summary
With the continuous development of medicine, humankind is gaining new possibilities to treat conditions that until recently could only be treated symptomatically. Autism spectrum disorders and cerebral palsy are among such disorders, which are still a mystery to doctors and scientists. According to ICD-10 (International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision) and DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition), autism spectrum disorder is defined as a communication/social interaction disorder with associated repetitive behaviors [1,2]. ASD includes various neurodevelopmental disorders with diverse etiologies such as Autistic Disorder, Pervasive Developmental Disorder not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS), and Asperger’s Disorder. The overall estimated prevalence of ASD ranges from 1.5% to 1.8% and an increase has been reported around the world over the past decade [3,4].
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