Abstract
The stem cell as the building block necessary for tissue reparation and homeostasis plays a major role in regenerative medicine. Their unique property of being pluripotent, able to control immune process and even secrete a whole army of anabolic mediators, draws interest. While new arthroscopic procedures and techniques involving stem cells have been established over the last decade with improved outcomes, failures and dissatisfaction still occur. Therefore, there is increasing interest in ways to improve the healing response. MSCs are particularly promising for this task given their regenerative potential. While methods of isolating those cells are no longer poses a challenge, the best way of application is not clear. Several experiments in the realm of basic science and animal models have recently been published, addressing this issue, yet the application in clinical practice has lagged. This review provides an overview addressing the current standing of MSCs in the field of arthroscopic surgery.Level of evidence IV.
Highlights
The aging population in combination with an increasingly active life style has led to new surgical challenges among orthopedic surgeons
Arthroscopic surgery has emerged as the state-of-the-art technology to address tendon, ligamentous, or chondral defects
Studies evaluating clinical applications have not yielded favorable outcomes at the same speed as the technical developments in the lab. This is evidenced by the retear rate of rotator cuff repairs, which has remained over 20 % [1, 2] or primary ACL reconstruction failure with
Summary
The aging population in combination with an increasingly active life style has led to new surgical challenges among orthopedic surgeons. Arthroscopic surgery has emerged as the state-of-the-art technology to address tendon, ligamentous, or chondral defects. Technological advances in tools and materials continue to allow for an increasing number of procedures to be performed arthroscopically. Biomechanical studies continue to reveal procedures that address defects by creating tissue reflective of their native anatomy. Studies evaluating clinical applications have not yielded favorable outcomes at the same speed as the technical developments in the lab. This is evidenced by the retear rate of rotator cuff repairs, which has remained over 20 % [1, 2] or primary ACL reconstruction failure with
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