Stem Cell Harvest From Adipose Tissue

Abstract

Background: Differentiation, self-renewal, immunomodulation, and angiogenesis are all capabilities of stem cells that can help improve tissue structure (Bacakova et al, 2018). In adipose tissue, there is a stromal vascular fraction (SVF) that contains a variety of cell types that can transdifferentiate between endothelial and adipogenic cell lineages. (Schreml et al., 2009). The procedure used to harvest adipose tissue, such as liposuction or excision, has an impact on the quality of SVF and ADSC recovered from it. Barzelay et al., 2015). Literature review: The two most common locations for stem cell harvest are bone marrow and fat tissue. Taking stem cells can be done in a variety of ways, depending on the source of the cells. Isolating stem cells from preimplantation embryos is how embryonic stem cell retrieval is done. Liposuction is the removal of subcutaneous tissue with the help of a suction pump and an aspiration cannula introduced through a skin incision. Suction-assisted lipectomy, suction lipoplasty, and liposculpture are other synonyms for liposuction. The advantage of liposuction over resection for obtaining stem cells is that it is less intrusive and can preserve neurovascular structures. In addition, liposuction preserves fluid balance and reduces patient discomfort. A high-speed cannula is used in liposuction to disrupt adipocytes. This procedure has the potential to cause cellular harm. Adipocyte viability and transplant survival will be improved by using less stressful adipose tissue extraction procedures. (Simonacci et al., 2017). Under general anaesthesia, the resected tissue was removed whole. In order to separate ADSC, fibrous tissue and visible blood vessels were removed from the retrieved adipose tissue. Resection of adipose tissue produced more SVF and ADSC cells than liposuction, according to Iyyanki et al and Faustini et al. This differs from the findings of a prior study by Schreml et al. Conclusion: Liposuction and resection both have advantages and downsides when it comes to extracting stem cells from fat tissue. There was no discernible difference in the removal of stem cells from adipose tissue by liposuction versus excision.