Abstract
Stem cell extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been widely studied because of their excellent therapeutic potential. EVs from different types of stem cell can improve vascularization as well as aid in the treatment of cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. The skin is a complex organ that is susceptible to various types of injury. Strategies designed to restore epithelial tissues’ integrity with stem cell EVs have shown promising results. Different populations of stem cell EVs are able to control inflammation, accelerate skin cell migration and proliferation, control wound scarring, improve angiogenesis, and even ameliorate signs of skin aging. However, large-scale production of such stem cell EVs for human therapy is still a challenge. This review focuses on recent studies that explore the potential of stem cell EVs in skin wound healing and skin rejuvenation, as well as challenges of their use in therapy.
Highlights
Stem cells have attracted great interest from the scientific community since their discovery by Till and McCulloch in 1961 [1]
We focus on the work that has been conducted using extracellular vesicles (EVs) from stem cells in skin wound healing, including their potential in skin cell proliferation, migration, angiogenesis, and the reduction of scarring
Most Relevant Findings of Cargo Content miR-126-3p was enriched in exosomes and promoted angiogenesis
Summary
Stem cells have attracted great interest from the scientific community since their discovery by Till and McCulloch in 1961 [1]. Once released by stem cells, this combination of different classes of molecules can modify microenvironments by controlling inflammation as well as inducing selective protein activation and transcription This secreted milieu of molecules may culminate in tissue regeneration [5,6,7]. The broad term EVs is categorized into three major classes of lipid vesicle: ectosomes, exosomes, and apoptotic bodies. This classification is based on the vesicles’ biogenesis and relies on their difference in diameter size. MicroRNAs, long non-coding RNAs (long-ncRNAs), and various other classes of molecules present in these specific EVs populations favor tissue repair [34,35]
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