Abstract
The ability to expand hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) during ex-vivo culture has been an important goal for over 20 years. Using a high-throughput chemical screen, Boitano et al. (p. [1345][1], published online 5 August; see the Perspective by [Sauvageau and Humphries][2] ) found that a purine derivative, StemRegenin1 (SR1), promoted the expansion of human HSCs. Treatment of HSCs with SR1 (which blocked the activity of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor) led to the expansion of CD34+ cells and a 12 to 17-fold increase in the number of HSCs that engraft immune deficient mice. [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.1191536 [2]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.1195173
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