Abstract
Muscle stem cell (satellite cell) activation post muscle injury is a transient and critical step in muscle regeneration. It is regulated by physiological cues, signaling molecules, and epigenetic regulatory factors. The mechanisms that coherently turn on the complex activation process shortly after trauma are just beginning to be illuminated. In this review, we will discuss the current knowledge of satellite cell activation regulation.
Highlights
Skeletal muscle is voluntarily controlled striated muscle tissue that produces locomotion, postural behavior, and breathing
The application of exogenous hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) to somites induces ectopic delamination of myogenic precursor cells into the lateral plate mesoderm [75, 76]. These results suggest that HGF is essential in inducing the migration of myogenic precursor cells in embryonic myogenesis
HGF is released from the extra cellular matrix (ECM), promoting the entry of quiescent satellite cells into cell cycle [54,55,56]
Summary
Skeletal muscle is voluntarily controlled striated muscle tissue that produces locomotion, postural behavior, and breathing. A combination of signals is generated by damaged myofibers, blood vessels, and immune cells to wake up the quiescent satellite cells. HGF can bind to the c-Met receptor to regulate cell growth, cell motility, morphogenesis, and organ regeneration by activating a tyrosine kinase signaling cascade [73]. HGF is released from the ECM, promoting the entry of quiescent satellite cells into cell cycle [54,55,56].
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