Abstract
The effect of intercropping on stem anatomy of both supporting (Lupinus albus) and supported (Vicia narbonnensis and V. sativa) annual forage legumes was investigated using stereological method. Intercropped plants showed minimal differences in volume densities (Vv) of stem tissues and forage chemical composition compared to sole crops. The proportions of lignin and NDF (Neutral Detergent Fiber) positively correlated with xylem Vv. The proportions of ADF (Acid Detergent Fiber), cellulose and ash in intercropped plants were increased or decreased mostly by less than 10% compared to those in pure stands. The Anatomical Equivalent Ratio (AER) defined as the ratio based on anatomical quality-determining parameters, can assist in the evaluation of the benefits of specific intercropping systems. Intercropping of the legume species studied in this work, especially L. albus with V. sativa, showed encouraging results from anatomical perspective since it would not cause a decline of forage quality.
Highlights
In comparison to sole crop systems, intercropping has shown many advantages such as more efficient utilization of natural resources, higher forage and grain yields, higher stress tolerance, or lower demand for fertilizers and pesticides (Andersen et al 2007)
Intercropping of the legume species studied in this work, especially L. albus with V. sativa, showed encouraging results from anatomical perspective since it would not cause a decline of forage quality
Legume species are often included in intercropping systems, mostly due to their nitrogen fixing ability, that improves soil fertility, and high crude protein content in both forage and grain dry matter leading to improved product quality (Hauggaard-Nielsen et al 2011)
Summary
In comparison to sole crop systems, intercropping has shown many advantages such as more efficient utilization of natural resources, higher forage and grain yields, higher stress tolerance, or lower demand for fertilizers and pesticides (Andersen et al 2007). The forage production in such intercrops, where, for instance faba bean (Vicia faba L.) or white lupin (Lupinus albus L.) support peas or common vetch (Vicia sativa L.), usually results in high crude protein content in forage dry matter, better nitrogen dynamic in the agroecosystem, and elimination of fertilizer and/or herbicide application. In this way, mutual legume intercropping proves an economically reliable, and a highly environment-friendly system of crop production (Mikić et al 2013). Supporting crops, such as grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.), peas or vetches fight the weeds in supported crops, sown usually at a wider space, while the supporting crops, such as white lupin or faba bean mechanically support the former and contribute to preserving photosynthetically active leaves, increasing the leaf proportion to the total forage dry matter yield and improve its quality. (Mikić et al 2012)
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