Abstract

Abstract We present spectroscopic measurements of the Rossiter–McLaughlin effect for the planet b of the Kepler-9 multi-transiting planetary system. The resulting sky-projected spin–orbit angle is λ = −13° ± 16°, which favors an aligned system and strongly disfavors highly misaligned, polar, and retrograde orbits. Including Kepler-9, there are now a total of four Rossiter–McLaughlin effect measurements for multiplanet systems, all of which are consistent with spin–orbit alignment.

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