Abstract
Measurements of elemental abundances of stars in the Milky Way and surrounding dwarf galaxies in the past few decades have been providing useful constraints on modeling the nucleosynthesis and chemical evolution. Recent large spectroscopic surveys combined with studies on dynamical motions of stars in the Milky Way reveal connections between chemical enrichment and galaxy formation. This paper provides a brief overview of the recent update of the understanding of the distribution of elemental abundances and remaining issues for key elements, mostly focusing on the low metallicity range which should reflect nucleosynthesis by massive stars and early chemical evolution. This covers the abundance ratios of α-elements, iron-peak elements, and neutron-capture elements which have been measured for a large number of metal-poor stars.
Highlights
The cycle of formation, evolution, and death of stars, including interactions of binary stars, have been enriching heavier elements in the Universe
The elemental abundances of very metal-poor stars should reflect the results of nucleosynthesis by a small number of stars and phenomena in the early Universe
Spectroscopic observations of metal-poor stars provide unique constraint on elemental abundances produced by individual nucleosynthesis events
Summary
The cycle of formation, evolution, and death of stars, including interactions of binary stars, have been enriching heavier elements in the Universe. The elemental abundances of very metal-poor stars should reflect the results of nucleosynthesis by a small number of stars and phenomena in the early Universe. Studies of elemental abundances for early generations of stars have been led by large surveys of metal-poor stars since 1980s. Since 2000s, metal-poor stars have been searched for using multi-object spectrometers, e.g., Sloan Digital Sky survey [10] and LAMOST [11]. We here discuss the recent results based on the follow-up high-resolution spectroscopy with the Subaru Telescope for candidates of metal-poor stars found by the LAMOST survey [14]. We note that the abundance measurements for a large sample of metal-poor stars found by the Skymapper survey recently reported similar results for many elements [15]
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