Stellar β±-decay rates of iron isotopes and its implications in astrophysics

Abstract

β-Decay and positron decay are believed to play a consequential role during the late phases of stellar evolution of a massive star culminating in a supernova explosion. The β-decay contributes in maintaining a respectable lepton-to-baryon ratio, Y e , of the core prior to collapse which results in a larger shock energy to produce the explosion. The positron decay acts in the opposite direction and tends to decrease the ratio. The structure of the presupernova star is altered both by the changes in Y e and the entropy of the core material. Recently the microscopic calculation of weak interaction mediated rates on key isotopes of iron was introduced using the proton–neutron quasiparticle random phase approximation (pn-QRPA) theory with improved model parameters. Here I discuss in detail the improved calculation of β ±-decay rates for iron isotopes ( 54,55,56Fe) in stellar environment. The pn-QRPA theory allows a microscopic “state-by-state” calculation of stellar rates as explained later in text. Excited state Gamow–Teller distributions are much different from ground state and a microscopic calculation of decay rates from these excited states greatly increases the reliability of the total decay rate calculation specially during the late stages of stellar evolution. The reported decay rates are also compared with earlier calculations. The positron decay rates are in reasonable agreement with the large-scale shell model calculation. The main finding of this work includes that the stellar β-decay rates of 54,55,56Fe are around 3–5 orders of magnitude smaller than previously assumed and hence irrelevant for the determination of the evolution of Y e during the presupernova phase of massive stars. The current work discourages the inclusion of 55,56Fe in the list of key stellar β-decay nuclei as suggested by former simulation results.