Abstract
In this paper, a mathematical model is established to examine the impacts of Stefan blowing on the unsteady magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow of an electrically conducting nanofluid over a stretching sheet in the existence of thermal radiation, Arrhenius activation energy and chemical reaction. It is proposed to use the Buongiorno nanofluid model to synchronize the effects of magnetic and electric fields on the velocity and temperature fields to enhance the thermal conductivity. We utilized suitable transformation to simplify the governing partial differential equation (PDEs) into a set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The obtained equations were solved numerically with the help of the Runge–Kutta 4th order using the shooting technique in a MATLAB environment. The impact of the developing flow parameters on the flow characteristics is analyzed appropriately through graphs and tables. The velocity, temperature, and nanoparticle concentration profiles decrease for various values of involved parameters, such as hydrodynamic slip, thermal slip and solutal slip. The nanoparticle concentration profile declines in the manifestation of the chemical reaction rate, whereas a reverse demeanor is noted for the activation energy. The validation was conducted using earlier works published in the literature, and the results were found to be incredibly consistent.
Highlights
Nanofluids contain suspended nanoparticles with a size less than a hundred nm, which are used for improving thermal conductivity
Bagh et al [14] examined the significance of nanoparticles on the dynamics of the boundary layer rotating flow and found that Brownian motion is responsible for enhancing the heat transfer of the base fluid
We will discuss the numerical results of the dimensionless concentration, velocity and temperature profiles for different flow parameters, such as the Stefan blowing parameter SB, the hydrodynamic slip parameter L f, the electric current EI, the solutal buoyancy ratio parameter Nr, the unsteady parameter σt, the magnetic parameter M, the thermal buoyancy λ, the radiation parameter Rd, the thermal slip parameter Lθ, the Eckert number Ec, the solutal slip parameter Lφ, the Brownian motion parameter Nb, the activation energy Ae, thermophoresis Nt, the Schmidth number Sc, the chemical reaction rate Ω and the Prandtl number Pr
Summary
Nanofluids contain suspended nanoparticles with a size less than a hundred nm, which are used for improving thermal conductivity. Bagh et al [14] examined the significance of nanoparticles on the dynamics of the boundary layer rotating flow and found that Brownian motion is responsible for enhancing the heat transfer of the base fluid. Irfan et al [17] discussed the result of activation energy and binary chemical reaction on the dual nature structure of the time-dependent flow of Carreau magnetite nanofluid over stretching /shrinking sheet He demonstrated that Brownian motion and the thermophoresis of nanoparticles both escalate with the growing values in the lower solution over the temperature distribution. The above literature review suggests the Stefan blowing effects are of practical significance in various settings Motivated by this fact, we intend to investigate the Stefan blowing effects on the unsteady magnetohydrodynamic flow of nanofluid over a stretching surface under the joint action of the electric field, activation energy and thermal radiation. The comparison between recently distributed information in the literature and the information revealed in this work suggests that the conclusions from this study constitute a magnificent improvement in the understanding of the Stefan blowing effects
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