Abstract
High-precision source localization depends on many factors, including a suitable location method. Beamforming-based methods, such as the steered response power (SRP), are a common type of acoustic localization methods. However, these methods have low spatial resolution. The SRP method with phase transform (SRP-PHAT) improves the spatial resolution of SRP and is one of the most effective and robust methods for source localization. However, the introduction of a phase transform to SRP might amplify the power of the noise and result in many local extrema in the SRP space, which has a negative impact on source localization. In this paper, a steered sample algorithm (SSA) based on the reciprocity of wave propagation for acoustic source localization is proposed. The SSA localization process is similar to the hyperbolic Radon transform, which is theoretically analyzed and is the most essential difference form the SRP/SRP-PHAT. Compared with the SRP-PHAT, the experimental results demonstrate that the SSA perform better when it comes to array signal positioning with limited array elements and narrow azimuth signal, where SSA can achieve high precision positioning with lower SNR.
Highlights
Acoustic localization is widely used in many fields, such as remote sensing, radar, seismic detection, and sonar
The commonly used localization methods can be summarized into two categories: two-step methods based on the time difference of arrival (TDOA) and one-step methods, such as those based on beamforming
Even for a single-source situation, the time of arrival (TOA) calculated from the candidate position near the source is very close to the TOA generated by the actual source, which results in a large energy distribution range in the steered response power (SRP) space
Summary
Acoustic localization is widely used in many fields, such as remote sensing, radar, seismic detection, and sonar. Under noise and reverberation conditions, it is one of the most efficient and robust positioning methods [16, 18] It is suitable for broadband and narrowband array signals and multisource locations [18, 19]. The cross-power/cross-correlation calculations attenuate the energy of sources far away from the array due to the limited sampling time in the SRP-PHAT. To mitigate these issues, a new analogous algorithm, the steered sample algorithm (SSA) based on the reciprocity of wave propagation, is proposed. Compared with the SRP-PHAT, the experimental results demonstrate that the SSA can achieve higher localization performance on noisy and reverberation databases and is more robustness under fewer sensors and narrower azimuth acquisition modes.
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