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Abstract
Studies were undertaken to characterize the intrinsic reactivity of Fe0-bearing steel wool (Fe0 SW) materials using the ethylenediaminetetraacetate method (EDTA test). A 2 mM Na2-EDTA solution was used in batch and column leaching experiments. A total of 15 Fe0 SW specimens and one granular iron (GI) were tested in batch experiments. Column experiments were performed with four Fe0 SW of the same grade but from various suppliers and the GI. The conventional EDTA test (0.100 g Fe0, 50 mL EDTA, 96 h) protocol was modified in two manners: (i) Decreasing the experimental duration (down to 24 h) and (ii) decreasing the Fe0 mass (down to 0.01 g). Column leaching studies involved glass columns filled to 1/4 with sand, on top of which 0.50 g of Fe0 was placed. Columns were daily gravity fed with EDTA and effluent analyzed for Fe concentration. Selected reactive Fe0 SW specimens were additionally investigated for discoloration efficiency of methylene blue (MB) in shaken batch experiments (75 rpm) for two and eight weeks. The last series of experiments tested six selected Fe0 SW for water defluoridation in Fe0/sand columns. Results showed that (i) the modifications of the conventional EDTA test enabled a better characterization of Fe0 SW; (ii) after 53 leaching events the Fe0 SW showing the best kEDTA value released the lowest amount of iron; (iii) all Fe0 specimens were efficient at discoloring cationic MB after eight weeks; (iv) limited water defluoridation by all six Fe0 SW was documented. Fluoride removal in the column systems appears to be a viable tool to characterize the Fe0 long-term corrosion kinetics. Further research should include correlation of the intrinsic reactivity of SW specimens with their efficiency at removing different contaminants in water.
Highlights
The knowledge that metallic iron (Fe0 ) is the parent of iron oxides and hydroxides ("rust", iron corrosion products or FeCPs) is well-established and has been used for water treatment for more than 170 years [1,2,3,4,5,6,7]
53 leaching events the Fe0-bearing steel wool (Fe0 steel wool (SW)) showing the best kEDTA value released the lowest amount of iron; (iii) all Fe0 specimens were efficient at discoloring cationic methylene blue (MB) after eight weeks; (iv) limited water defluoridation by all six Fe0 SW was documented
The Fe dissolution kinetics was more rapid for SW as well
Summary
The knowledge that metallic iron (Fe0 ) is the parent of iron oxides and hydroxides ("rust", iron corrosion products or FeCPs) is well-established and has been used for water treatment for more than 170 years [1,2,3,4,5,6,7]. By the early 20th century, around World War I, steel wool (SW) has been mass-produced, and became an essential cleaning instrument in households. This mass-production makes SW probably the most widespread Fe0 materials worldwide [12,13,14]. The rapid kinetics of SW corrosion justifies its use in scholar practical demonstrations [17,18,19,20]
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