Abstract
Hydrogen obtained from biomass derivatives is considered a promising alternative to fossil fuels. The aim of this work is to test the viability of Ni-M/SBA-15 (M: Co, Cu, Cr) catalysts for the hydrogen production from bio-oil aqueous fraction reforming. Tests were performed in a fixed-bed reactor at 600 °C and atmospheric pressure. Firstly, the steam reforming (SR) of acetic acid, hydroxyacetone, furfural and phenol, as representative constituents of the bio-oil aqueous fraction, was carried out. Lower reactivity with increasing carbon number and decreasing steam-to-carbon ratio was observed. Coking rate during SR is a consequence of carbon number and aromaticity of the reactant, as well as the steam-to-carbon ratio. However, deactivation also depends on the graphitization degree of carbon filaments, higher in the case of coke formed from phenol. Then, the performance of the Ni-M/SBA-15 catalysts was studied in the reforming of a bio-oil aqueous fraction surrogate containing the four model compounds. Ni-Co/SBA-15 and Ni-Cr/SBA-15 samples were the most active because Co also catalyze the steam reforming reactions and Cr promotes the formation of very small Ni crystallites accounting for high conversion and the low coke deposition (~8 times lower than Ni/SBA-15) in the form of poorly condensed carbon filaments.
Highlights
We recently demonstrated the benefits of adding a second metal to Ni/SBA-15-based catalysts on glycerol steam reforming [49]
N2-adsorption analyses revealed that all materials exhibit type IV isotherms, typical of the pore mesostructure of the SBA-15 material used as the support
The Ni-M/SBA-15 catalysts (M: Cu, Co, Cr) prepared for this work are active in the steam reforming of the compounds typically contained in the bio-oil aqueous fractions, reaching high hydrogen production
Summary
(ii) Economic factors: The disproportionate increase experienced in its extraction and use involves a continuous and irreversible trend in the growth of the costs of fossil fuels. The international scientific community agrees that it is necessary to seek greater energy efficiency and energy models not based on fossil fuels. Increased diversification of sources, renewable energy and improving energy efficiency are major concerns [4,5,6]. Research is guided to seek alternative energy resources that can replace existing sources completely or in part, provided they are clean, renewable and profitable [2,7]. Biofuels and hydrogen have been highlighted to replace fossil fuels [3,8,9]. Hydrogen is considered an alternative fuel and its use is becoming more important. Hydrogen production has current interest in fuel cell applications, automobile applications and the production of electricity
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