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Abstract
A chiral-coupled atomic chain of two-level quantum emitters allows strong resonant dipole-dipole interactions, which enables significant collective couplings between every other emitters. We numerically obtain the steady-state phase diagram of such system under weak excitations, where interaction-driven states of crystalline orders, edge or hole excitations, and dichotomy of chiral flow are identified. We distinguish these phases by participation ratios and structure factors, and find two critical points which relate to decoherence-free subradiant sectors of the system. We further investigate the transport of excitations and emergence of crystalline orders under spatially-varying excitation detunings, and present non-ergodic butterfly-like system dynamics in the phase of extended hole excitations with a signature of persistent subharmonic oscillations. Our results demonstrate the interaction-induced quantum phases of matter with chiral couplings, and pave the way toward simulations of many-body states in nonreciprocal quantum optical systems.
Highlights
A chiral-coupled atomic system [1,2] from an atom-fiber [3] or an atom-waveguide [4,5] interface presents the capability to engineer the directionality of light transmissions
We show some examples of steady-state distributions in the phases of (a) extended distributions (ETDs) at D = 0.2, ξ /π = 0, (b) crystalline orders (COs) at D = 0.2, ξ /π = 0.02, (c) BEE at D = 0.2, ξ /π = 0.2, (d) strong BHE at D = 0.2, ξ /π = 0.6, (e) moderate BHE at D = 0.5, ξ /π = 0.6, (f) weak BHE at D = 0.8, ξ /π = 0.6, and in a region of chiral-flow dichotomy (CFD) at D = 0.2, ξ /π = 1 for (g) N = and (h) N =
Future directions can lead to unraveling a clear mechanism for the initiation of persistent subharmonic time evolutions, its relation to ergodicity of the chiral-coupled system, or many-body simulations of exotic or topological states in nonreciprocal quantum optical systems
Summary
A chiral-coupled atomic system [1,2] from an atom-fiber [3] or an atom-waveguide [4,5] interface presents the capability to engineer the directionality of light transmissions. The nonreciprocal decay channels of chiral-coupled systems can be tuned by external magnetic fields [3,4,5], such that the amount of light transmissions in the allowed direction can be controlled by the internal states of quantum emitters [3] This can be attributed to reservoir engineering, which has spurred many interesting studies of nonequilibrium phase transitions in driven-dissipative quantum systems [18,19,20]. Majorana edge modes as topological states of matter [24,25] and critical phenomena at steady-state phase transitions [26] are predicted in lattice fermions These quantum phases of matter under nonequilibrium phase transitions show the potential to explore dynamical phases driven by competing dissipation and interaction strengths [27].
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