Abstract
Transmission lines operating in steady state are prone to several challenges such as; poor steady-state power flow control, active and reactive power loss and voltage limit violations. These challenges can be solved either by the use of Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System (FACTS) controllers such as Interline Power Flow Controller (IPFC) and Generalized Unified Power Flow Controller (GUPFC) or other non-economical means such as building additional generation and transmission facilities. Previous works have incorporated IPFC to solve the challenges in meshed transmission system but has not been applied to solve the inherent challenges of the longitudinal Nigerian transmission system operating in steady state. This work performs power flow analysis with the incorporation of IPFC into the Nigerian 330-kV, 28-bus transmission system to solve its steady state challenges. Steady state power system component model produces a set of algebraic equations while the steady state IPFC model in rectangular form produces another set of algebraic equations for power flow analysis. The sets of equations were solved simultaneously using Newton-Raphson numerical iteration method, due to its fast quadratic convergence and high efficiency. Newton-Raphson power flow algorithm was implemented using MATLAB 8.1.0.604 (version R2013b) and the analysis was performed without and with the incorporation of IPFC data into the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE) 14-bus and the Transmission Company of Nigeria (TCN) 330-kV, 28-bus system. The performance evaluation of IPFC was investigated using active and reactive power as performance variables. The incorporation of IPFC rectangular model into the Nigerian 330-kV, 28-Bus TCN and IEEE 14-bus system demonstrated the capability of IPFC to control active and reactive power flow. IPFC typifies effective enhancement and the maximum use of Nigerian 330-kV, 28-Bus TCN and IEEE 14-bus transmission infrastructure for better delivery of electrical power to the end users.
Highlights
Power outages due to transmission lines disruptions are rampant in developing countries
This study considers power flow solution in steady state and focuses on the 28-bus Nigeria 330kV grid system
Inadequate active power, reactive power and voltage profile has been recorded at the receiving end due to losses on the transmission lines
Summary
Power outages due to transmission lines disruptions are rampant in developing countries. They contribute to the economic down-turn, educational dwarfism, gross dissatisfaction of both artisans and technocrat as a result of low business in-flow, ; a retrogressive national growth. 1.3 billion, developing country’s occupants live without electricity [1, 2]. Recent global rural growth and urbanization shows that power demand is on a sporadic increase whereas available electrical power system supplies (EPSs) in developing nations are inadequate to meet up with the demand. Sub-Sahara Africa was marked by International Energy Agency (IEA) to have only 32% electrification, 70% of which are Nigerian rural indwellers. Many transmission lines are more loaded than was planned when they were built
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