Abstract
With the advancement and widespread implementation of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wireless communication systems over the last decade, space-time block coding (STBC) identification has become a critical task for intelligent radios. Previous examinations of STBC identification were focused on single-user transmissions over single-carrier and multi-carrier systems in combination with uncoded broadcasts. Practical systems, on the other hand, contain many users and employ error-correcting codes. For the first time in literature, this work explores the problem of STBC identification for multi-user uplink transmissions in single-carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) systems. We take another step closer to real systems by addressing asynchronous transmissions and by conducting multi-user channel estimation. We also exploit the outputs of the channel decoder, which is usually used in many practical systems, to improve the identification and estimation processes. The mathematical analysis demonstrates that the maximum-likelihood (ML) solution of STBC identification, channel estimation, and synchronization can be executed by an iterative approach. The space-alternating generalized expectation-maximization (SAGE) algorithm is used to separate the overlaid signals arriving at the base-station (BS). The parameters under consideration for each user are then updated using an expectation-maximization (EM) processor. Simulation results show that the proposed architecture outperforms other identification methods published in the literature while maintaining a reasonable level of processing time.
Highlights
A NALYSIS of wireless signals, aimed at determining the specific transmission parameters of the transmitter used, has been an prominent research area for decades
We provide a novel strategy in which the proposed identifier benefits from the soft information outputs of channel decoders, which are used in a variety of real single-carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) systems
We considered a SC-FDMA system with the following parameters
Summary
A NALYSIS of wireless signals, aimed at determining the specific transmission parameters of the transmitter used, has been an prominent research area for decades. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this work is the first of its kind to investigate the problem of STBC classification in an uplink multi-user scenario of single-carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) systems. The SAGE algorithm’s expectation step uses the soft information of the channel decoders to reduce MAI created by other asynchronous users This replaces the sophisticated multi-dimensional search with a series of one-dimensional searches. The feedback provided by an uncoded data detector has been used to solve several difficulties that have arisen in multi-carrier systems, such as equalization [29], [30] and frequency synchronization [27], [28] This is the first time it has been used in conjunction with coded transmissions in STBC classification for such systems.
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