STATUS SPEECH CHARACTERISTICS OF ART CHARACTERS IN RUSSIAN LITERATURE OF THE BEGINNING OF 20th CENTURY

Abstract

Summary. The article describes a study on the issue of the dependence of human speech on various aspects of speaker’s social status. Material of research: texts of A. P. Chekhov’s stories «Thick and thin», M. A. Bulgakov «Towel with a rooster», V. M. Inber «Solovey & Roza / Nightingale and Rose». The purpose of the work is to determine the role of language means expressing the estate, career, property, professional, cultural status of characters in the fiction. The object of study is various language means that are able to reflect the social status of a character in his communicative behavior. The subject of the research is the status meaning assigned to these language means. In the process of carrying out the research, various procedures of the sociolinguistic analysis method are combined with methods of semantic, grammatical, phonetic, semiotic and multivariate analysis, methods of analysis of non-verbal communicative means and probabilistic forecasting, as well as descriptive and historical-descriptive methods. As a result of the study, the language means of expression of the class, career, property, professional, cultural status of the characters were identified and analyzed. Conclusions are drawn. The language tools used to express the character’s social status are mainly aimed at creating a status contrast. Anthonymic pairs of full-valued words and special thematic groups, names and surnames of characters, etiquette clichés (including special ones), household details based on the functioning of grammatical categories, and socially colored speech formulas are such means. Two techniques have been identified that contribute to the realistic display of the social status of characters: the technique of mutually lowering the status of socially contrasting characters and the technique of combining non-verbal and verbal means of expressing social status.