Status quo of graphene geology in Brazil: mineralogical, petrological and materials science contributions

Abstract

This study investigates the current status of graphene geology in Brazil, highlighting its mineralogical, petrological, and materials science contributions. Three approaches are presented: (I) the natural production of graphene from graphite nanoplates in sheared rocks, (II) the geological simulation under laboratory conditions, and (III) the evolution of electrical resistance in geological formations containing graphite and talc. All reviewed studies underscore the efficacy of graphene production in particular geological contexts, demonstrating its efficient formation within shear zones. The results indicate that graphene stabilises in talc and exhibits improvement in electrical conductivity under specific thermodynamic geological conditions, suggesting abundant natural sources that are economically viable and possess industrial applications. A comparative analysis shows that, although natural graphite nanoplates are thicker than graphene, they still qualify as nanomaterials and demonstrate promising technological potential. The research contributes to understanding the natural formation of graphene and highlights its practical applications in the Fourth and Fifth Industrial Revolution.