Abstract
Periodontitis is multifactorial disease that along with dental caries remains one of the commonest cause of tooth loss worldwide. Effective management requires clear understanding of risk factors. Smoking has a dose-dependent effect on periodontium. Similarly, individuals with diabetes have severe forms of periodontal diseases. We aim to assess the prevalence of periodontal disease in dental patients in relation to smoking and diabetes. The study was conducted among 522 patients visiting the Periodontics Department, Kantipur Dental College. Individuals willing to participate had to sign an informed consent and undergo interview and clinical examination. Data collection, done on a structured proforma, was analysed using SPSS 20.0. Prevalence of periodontitis was 372 (71.3%), diabetes 33 (6.3%) and smoking as 138 (26.4%). Hypertension was observed in 64 (12.3%) patients and family history of diabetes among 94 (18%). Among the 372 periodontitis patients, smoking behaviour was present in 120 (32.3%), diabetes in 32 (8.6%), family history of diabetes in 72 (19.4%) and hypertension in 62 (16.7%). Conversely, 120 (87%) smokers, 33 (97%) diabetics, 72 (76.6%) with family history of diabetes, 62 (96.9%) hypertensive, 216 (41.4%) male and 156 (29.9%) female participants had periodontitis. Smoking behaviour was more in males: 115 (39.4%) compared to 23 (10%) females. Periodontitis was significantly associated with smoking, diabetes, hypertension and age. It is recommended that tobacco cessation and diabetes control be promoted as an integral component of periodontal therapy and oral health be included as an essential element of general health when conducting national health surveys.
Highlights
Periodontitis is multifactorial disease that along with dental caries remains one of the commonest cause of tooth loss worldwide
Periodontitis was significantly associated with smoking, diabetes, hypertension and age
It is recommended that tobacco cessation and diabetes control be promoted as an integral component of periodontal therapy and oral health be included as an essential element of general health when conducting national health surveys
Summary
Periodontitis is multifactorial disease that along with dental caries remains one of the commonest cause of tooth loss worldwide. Effective management requires clear understanding of risk factors. We aim to assess the prevalence of periodontal disease in dental patients in relation to smoking and diabetes. Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects more than 50% of adult population worldwide.[1,2] A hospital-based study in Nepal showed that staggering 52.5% suffered from gingivitis and 47.5% from periodontitis.[3] Along with caries, periodontitis remains the commonest cause of tooth loss. Effective disease management requires a clear understanding of all associated risk factors. The commonest risk factors attributed to periodontal. Individuals with diabetes are more likely to have periodontal disease than without it.[6,7,8,9] Research has for long, suggested a two-way relationship between DM and periodontal diseases.[6,8]
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