Abstract
Abstract. The high-resolution imaging spectroscopy remote sensing mission EnMAP (Environmental Mapping and Analysis Program, enmap.org) covers the spectral range from 420 nm to 2450 nm with a spectral sampling distance varying between 4.8 nm and 12.0 nm comprising 262 spectral bands. We focus on the planned framework concerning radiometry. The expected signal-to-noise ratio at reference radiance level is 500:1 at 495 nm and 150:1 at 2200 nm. The radiometric resolution is 14 bits and an absolute radiometric accuracy of better than 5% is achieved. Radiometric calibration is based on Sun calibration measurements with a fullaperture diffusor for absolute calibration. In addition, relative calibration monitors the instrument during the complete mission lifetime based on an integrating sphere (on the satellite). The fully-automatic on-ground image processing chain considers the derived radiometric calibration coefficients in the radiometric correction which is followed by the orthorectification and atmospheric compensation. Each of the two 2-dimensional detector arrays of the prism-based pushbroom dual-spectrometer works in a dual-gain configuration to cover the complete dynamic range. EnMAP will acquire 30 km in the across-track direction with a ground sampling distance of 30 m and the across-track tilt capability of 30° will enable a target revisit time of less than 4 days. The launch is scheduled for 2021. The high-quality products will be freely available to international scientific users for measuring and analysing diagnostic parameters which describe vital processes on the Earth’s surface.
Highlights
Most activities in imaging spectroscopy in the last decades have been based on airborne imaging spectrometers covering the visible and near-infrared (VNIR, roughly 400 nm to 1000 nm) and shortwave-infrared (SWIR, roughly 1000 nm to 2500 nm) reflective spectral ranges
The potential of imaging spectroscopy is not counterbalanced by an equivalent availability of spaceborne imaging spectrometers
Because the radiometric calibration depends on the spectral calibration, we assume that the spectral calibration is correctly performed and otherwise spectral and radiometric calibrations have to be carried out in an iterative manner (Storch et al, 2018)
Summary
Most activities in imaging spectroscopy in the last decades have been based on airborne imaging spectrometers covering the visible and near-infrared (VNIR, roughly 400 nm to 1000 nm) and shortwave-infrared (SWIR, roughly 1000 nm to 2500 nm) reflective spectral ranges. The Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS), realized and operated by the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory in California, has been used in a large number of imaging spectroscopy campaigns for the last decades. The potential of imaging spectroscopy is not counterbalanced by an equivalent availability of spaceborne imaging spectrometers. The technology demonstration mission Hyperion on Earth Observing 1 (EO-1), realized and operated by NASA and USGS, has been the main provider of satellite hyperspectral data for the last years. Imaging spectroscopy mapping missions from ESA with CHIME and NASA with SBG are planned for later than 2025
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