Abstract
Development of diseases in cultivated crops depends on the complex interrelationship among host, pathogen and prevailing environmental conditions. In nature, plants are rarely, if ever, subject to the influence of only one potential pathogen and this is especially true of soil-borne pathogens like fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum). In the present study, the co-occurrence of root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne species) and Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici was surveyed in the main tomato growing areas of the central rift valley of Ethiopia. Mineral and organic samples were collected from 59 farmlands representing five districts and two commercial farms during the main cropping season of 2017. Cultural, morphological and virulence analysis of these pathogens revealed their co-existence. Out of 59 samples, 39% were found infected with the disease complex [Meloilodogyne species.* Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopesici (FOL)]. Off which, 16.9% and 6.8% resulted from concomitant infection of Meloidogyne incognita* FOL and Meloidogyne javanica* FOL, respectively. The percent prevalence of the disease complex ranged between 27.3% and 60%. The co-occurrence of these pathogens within a single host plant within the same ecological niche will indicate the probability of any type of interaction between each other. Therefore, subsequent research studies on their nature of interaction should be done in the future.
Highlights
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is one of the most important vegetable crops across the world next to potato, McGovern [1]
The co-occurrence of root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne species) and Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici was surveyed in the main tomato growing areas of the central rift valley of Ethiopia
Root-Knot Nematodes (Meloidogyne Species) Important diagnostic character used for species identification was the perineal pattern found in the female Meloidogyne species
Summary
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is one of the most important vegetable crops across the world next to potato, McGovern [1]. Ripe tomato fruit has high nutritive value and a good source of vitamin A, B, C and minerals, MoARD [2] It started to gain more medicinal value because of its high content of antioxidant including carotenoids, ascorbic acid, phenolics and lycopene, Oduor [3]. There are over 4100 species of PPN currently identified, collectively, causing an estimated loss of $80 - $118 billion per year in damage to crops. Off these species, 15% of them are the most economical species directly targeting plant roots of major agricultural crops and prevent water and nutrient uptake resulting in reduced agronomic performance, overall quality and yields, Bernard et al [7]. Plants are rarely, if ever, subject to the influence of only one potential pathogen and this is especially true of soil-borne pathogens like fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum) whereby further opportunities exist for interactions with other microorganisms occupying the same ecological niche, Back et al [8]
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