Abstract
The control of micrometastases in patients with melanoma has been attempted using chemotherapy; vitamins and hormones; nonspecific immunotherapy with agents such as Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), Corynebacterium parvum , levamisole, transfer factor, and interferon; and specific immunotherapy with tumor vaccines. Most trials that show benefit have been uncontrolled; however, randomized trials that use adjuvant levamisole or C. parvum each have resulted in a significant survival benefit. Completed studies with chemotherapy, chemoimmunotherapy, interferon, transfer factor, or BCG have not shown significant benefit. Preliminary results, however, of a trial with high-dose interferon-a have been encouraging, though toxic, and further trials have been initiated. Treatment with consistently immunogenic, polyvalent melanoma vaccines offers promise for the future.
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