Abstract
Introduction: Status epilepticus (SE) is the second most frequent neurological emergency. The purpose of this study was to analyse clinical presentation, causes and outcome of SE. Aim of the Study: The aim was to establish clinical characteristics, etiology and the outcome of status epilepticus as well as sex and age distribution in patients hospitalized at the Clinic of Neurology UCC RS in a 15-year follow-up. Patients and Methods: In this prospective 15-year study, all patients with SE admitted to the University Clinical Center of Republic of Srpska, Clinic of Neurology, were treated in the period of 15 years (2003-2017). Demographic and clinical data were collected. Results: In the aforesaid period, 124 patients with SE were treated, and there were 71 man (57%) with mean age of 59 years and 54 woman (43%), with mean age of 52.5 years. Primarily generalized tonic-clonic SE was identified in 70 (56%) and 44 (35.2%) patients, retrospectively. Simple partial SE occurred in 10 (8%) patients. 62% of the patients had previously had epilepsy while 38% had not. The main underlying causes were noncompliance to treatment in the first group (n=56; 72%) and cerebrovascular disease (n=36; 75%) in the second group. Overall mortality rate was 11.2% , which correlated with acute symptomatic etiology and patients of older age (mean: 73 years). Conclusion: Epileptic patients are at greater risk to develop SE. However, in patients with no prior history of epilepsy and acute neurological problems SE may also occur. Cerebrovascular disease was the most common cause of SE in those with the initial seizure. Noncompliance to treatment was the major cause in patients with preexisting epilepsy.
Highlights
Status epilepticus (SE) is the second most frequent neurological emergency
Epileptic patients are at greater risk to develop SE
Noncompliance to treatment was the major cause in patients with preexisting epilepsy
Summary
The purpose of this study was to analyse clinical presentation, causes and outcome of SE. It is usual for status epilepticus not to last long and to have a tendency to spontaneously terminate. It is very rare for individual seizures to last longer than few minutes. In some cases, seizures do not terminate spontaneously na their tendency to continue present the essence of status epilepticus. Status epilepticus is the most urgent neurological state and reliability o diagnosis depends on the way the problem is defined.[1,2]. Overall definition indicates that that status epilepticus should be defined as an epileptic activity that is present for 30 minutes or longer as well as the presence of two or more seizures during which the patient does not return to baseline consciousness.[2,3] Contemporary papers tend to put under status epilepticus every expressed tendency to repeat epileptic seizures, regardless of their duration and without the full recover of consciousness or other functions affected by the seizure
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