Abstract
Attempts to build neutrino telescopes at the cubic kilometre scale date back to the 1970s. It took until 2010 when the first detector of this size, IceCube, started data taking. In 2013, IceCube has detected a diffuse flux of cosmic neutrinos, and in 2017 first evidence for an individual source has been obtained. In-depth exploration of the landscape of the high-energy neutrino universe requires even larger detectors, and it requires detectors on both hemispheres of the Earth. Two devices on the Northern hemisphere are currently under construction and started data taking with initial configurations. Further progress in the field calls for global coordination. The instrument to achieve worldwide cooperation and coordination is the Global Neutrino Network, GNN. This review includes a sketch of goals and achievements of GNN.
Highlights
First ideas to build large neutrino detectors underground or underwater date back to the late 1950s
The worldwide first underwater telescope was installed in Lake Baikal
Its geometrical volume was not much larger than twice the Super-Kamiokande volume, but anyway it delivered a first proof of principle for the underwater method
Summary
First ideas to build large neutrino detectors underground or underwater date back to the late 1950s. It took half a century from the first proposal to build big underwater telescopes [1] to the discovery of cosmic neutrinos with the IceCube detector at the South Pole [2]. Both AMANDA and ANTARES have measured the spectrum of atmospheric neutrinos up to ~100 TeV but did not find any excess at high energies, as it is expected from a flux of cosmic neutrinos.
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