Abstract
The lectures review the state of affairs in modern branch of mathematical physics called probabilistic topology. In particular we consider the following problems: (i) we estimate the probability of a trivial knot formation on the lattice using the Kauffman algebraic invariants and show the connection of this problem with the thermodynamic properties of 2D disordered Potts model; (ii) we investigate the limit behavior of random walks in multi-connected spaces and on non-commutative groups related to the knot theory. We discuss the application of the above mentioned problems in statistical physics of polymer chains. On the basis of non-commutative probability theory we derive some new results in statistical physics of entangled polymer chains which unite rigorous mathematical facts with more intuitive physical arguments.
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