Statistical Parametric Mapping Reveals Subtle Gender Differences in Angular Movements in Table Tennis Topspin Backhand.

Ziemowit Bańkosz,Sławomir Winiarski

doi:10.3390/ijerph17196996

Abstract

Background: Statistical parametric mapping (SPM) is an innovative method based on the analysis of time series (data series) and is equivalent to statistical methods for numerical (discrete) data series. This study aimed to analyze the patterns of movement in the topspin backhand stroke in table tennis and to use SPM to compare these patterns between advanced female and male players. Methods: The research involved seven advanced male and six advanced female players. The kinematic parameters were measured using an inertial motion analysis system. The SPM was computed using the SPM1D Python package. Results: Our study made it possible to reproduce the pattern of movement in the joints during topspin backhand strokes in the studied athletes. During multiple comparisons, the analysis of variance (ANOVA) SPM test revealed many areas in the studied parameter series with statistically significant differences (p ≤ 0.01). Conclusions: The study presents the movement patterns in the topspin backhand shot and describes the proximal-to-distal sequencing principle during this shot. The SPM study revealed differences between men and women in the contribution of thoracic rotation, external shoulder rotation, dorsal flexion, and supination in the wrist during the hitting phase. These differences may result from the anatomical gender differences or variations in other functionalities of individual body segments between the study groups. Another possible source for these discrepancies may reside in tactical requirements, especially the need for a more vigorous attack in men. The gender differences presented in this study can help in the individualization of the training process in table tennis.

Highlights

IntroductionTable tennis is a very complex and comprehensive sport
We proposed the hypothesis that gender differences would be revealed in the movement patterns of segments of the upper body and distal segments of the hand
The use of upper body rotation in men, with the additional dynamic extension in the elbow and wrist joints and the external rotation of the shoulder during the hitting phase, is likely to result in a higher acceleration of the playing hand in male players

Summary

Introduction

Table tennis is a very complex and comprehensive sport. The technique and tactics of playing, mental and physical capacity, and fitness are some of the components that affect the achievement of a champion level in the sport. The technique of playing table tennis includes many elements, such as footwork (small steps, sidestep, cross-over step, single step, pivot, etc.), single strokes (topspin forehand and backhand, smash, service, flip, block, and others), and combining strokes (such as linking topspin backhand and forehand, serve and attack, receive and counterattack, or long serve and counterattack) [1,2]. This study aimed to analyze the patterns of movement in the topspin backhand stroke in table tennis and to use SPM to compare these patterns between advanced female and male players

Objectives

Methods

Discussion

Conclusion