Abstract
Biodiesel is alternative bio-fuel to substitute for diesel fuel which produces harmful emission causing environmental problems. The common feedstock for biodiesel production was edible oil which effected to high production cost. In order to conquer this problem, waste material was appeared to be an attractive choice. The oil from waste coffee grounds (WCGs) has the potential to use as raw material. However, high free fatty acid (FFA) concentration (>1%) in extracted oil from WCGs requires pretreatment prior to transesterification. Therefore, FFA was treated by using sulfuric as acid catalytic. In this study, the optimization of esterification of extracted oil from WCGs was investigated by using response surface methodology (RSM). The effect of operation parameters to pre-treatment of FFA was conducted using laboratory scale. The predicted optimum condition results indicated that %FFA of the waste coffee grounds oil (WCGO) was decreased 94.97% when the condition was carry out with methanol 10 mole per mole of FFA in the presence of 15% w/w of %FFA-to-catalyst ratios for 115 min reaction time at 65°C.
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