Statistical nature of geomagnetic storms

Abstract

On the basis of geomagnetic activity indices and solar wind parameters, a superposed epoch analysis has been conducted for more than 300 geomagnetic storms. The intensity of magnetic storms is found to depend on the duration of the main phase; larger storms have longer timescales. For intense storms, however, not only the duration of energy injection into the ring current but also the strength of injection is important in determining their size. It is confirmed that the southward component of the interplanetary magnetic field plays a crucial role both in triggering the storm main phase and in determining the magnitude of magnetic storms. It is also found that the time profile of the energy injection rate during the main phase tends to have two peaks. This is particularly the case for intense magnetic storms, where the second peak is more intense than the first. Implications of our findings are discussed in terms of the existing concept of geomagnetic storms and recent observations of ring current particles and of interplanetary disturbances.