Abstract
This study demonstrates that ordinary kriging in spherical coordinates using experimental semi-variograms provides highly usable results, especially near the pole in winter and/or where there could be data missing over large areas. In addition, kriging allows display of the spatial variability of daily ozone measurements at different pressure levels. Three satellite data sets were used: Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) data, Solar Backscattered UltraViolet (SBUV), and the Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE II) ozone profiles. Since SBUV is a nadir-viewing instrument, measurements are only taken along the sun-synchronous polar orbits of the satellite. SAGE II is a limb-viewing solar occultation instrument, and measurements have high vertical resolution but poor daily coverage. TOMS has wider coverage with equidistant distribution of data (resolution 1° à 1.25°) but provides no vertical information. Comparisons of the resulting SBUV-interpolated (column-integrated) ozone field with TOMS data are strongly in agreement, with a global correlation of close to 98%. Comparisons of SBUV-interpolated ozone profiles with daily SAGE II profiles are relatively good, and comparable to those found in the literature. The interpolated ozone layers at different pressure levels are shown.Key words: Atmospheric composition and structure (middle atmosphere - composition and chemistry) - Meteorology and atmospheric dynamics (middle atmosphere dynamics)
Highlights
A thorough knowledge of the tri-dimensional structure of ozone near the polar vortex is a key requirement for a better understanding of ozone depletion occurring in the spring hemisphere.Most ozone measurements so far have been taken in integrated-column form, either by satellite, such as TOMS (Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer) and more recently GOME (Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment) (Munro et al, 1998), or by the ground observation Dobson network
The retrieved ozone pro®les are provided as density concentrations at 70 altitudes, with a resolution of between 0.5 and 1 km. This is a high vertical resolution compared to Solar Backscattered UltraViolet (SBUV), but ozone measurements are taken at a given latitude only once every month
We have deliberately omitted a consecutive group of SBUV measurements (October 5, 1988) in order to further interpolate and so ®ll in these missing data points (13)
Summary
A thorough knowledge of the tri-dimensional structure of ozone near the polar vortex is a key requirement for a better understanding of ozone depletion occurring in the spring hemisphere. Most ozone measurements so far have been taken in integrated-column form, either by satellite, such as TOMS (Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer) and more recently GOME (Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment) (Munro et al, 1998), or by the ground observation Dobson network. The combination of these two types of observation provides both relatively good planetary coverage of the total ozone and a relatively good trend over time (Bojkov and Fioletov, 1995). The advantage of the kriging technique is that we use covariance functions or semi-variograms that depend only on the displacement vector, and not on the location in space (intrinsic hypothesis) We apply the kriging technique both for retrieving the horizontal structure of ozone at dierent altitudes (3D) with sucient resolution, and to ®ll in large gaps where data are missing (zero values) in 2D ozone ®elds
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