Abstract
Sonar design and performance analysis requires a description of the distribution of echo energy in time parameterized by frequency and nominal incidence angle. The variability of echoes from sonar targets motivates a statistical description. The ensemble averaged instantaneous power spectrum of the target echo impulse response is the functional target descriptor which matches these requirements. The relationship of the instantaneous power spectrum to other statistical channel descriptors and conventional measures of target strength is discussed. Further interpretations of and measurement procedures for the instantaneous power spectra of the impulse response of random time spread transmission channels are provided. Higher order statistical descriptors and extension to frequency spread targets are commented on.
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