Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the correlations between the hybrids F<sub>1</sub>, F<sub>2</sub>, and F<sub>3</sub>, obtained by different methods, their plasticity and stability, as well as to identify the probability of cytogenetic balances formed in F<sub>3</sub> and the possibility to perform selection in this generation. Correlations in 38 triticale hybrids (F<sub>1</sub>, F<sub>2</sub>, and F<sub>3</sub>), obtained by different methods were evaluated in the conditions of the Middle Volga region, Russia. Simple intraspecific, complex and interspecific cross breeding was performed. Thirty-eight hybrids were evaluated. Correlation (68 features), variance, and genetic analyses were conducted. Relatively constant correlations in intraspecific hybrids of the F<sub>1</sub>, F<sub>2</sub>, and F<sub>3</sub> generations were documented between the length of the ear and its components: the number of spikelets, the mass of one ear, and the number of grains per ear. An increase in spike length in interspecific hybrids leads to an increase in the number of spikelets, but a decrease in fertility productivity. In hybrids of the second generation, the number of significant functional correlations increases significantly. In the third generation, the correlations are almost the same as in the first generation. The interrelation of spike length with internode length decreases (<em>r</em> = 0.12–0.14), while the weight of one spike (<em>r</em> = 0.07–0.12) increases with the number of spikelets (<em>r</em> = 0.82–0.87). The coefficient of variation in the number of kernels per ear in the F<sub>3</sub> generation of intraspecific and interspecific hybrids varied from 21.01% to 69.57%. The variance of this feature was lower in simple intraspecies hybrids (21.01–25.15%) and higher in interspecies hybrids with winter wheat (36.40–38.30%) and winter rye (60.0–69.57%). The analysis of the stability and plasticity of the hybrids indicates their instability. The selection of elite ears and plants in the early stages of formation of the hybrid is not effective.
Highlights
The main goal of a breeder is to create new generation varieties
The analysis of the influence of weather conditions on the elements of productivity of triticale varieties showed that the main abiotic factor that influenced triticale productivity was the hydrothermal coefficient (HTC) during the vegetation period (r = 0.93 ±0.193)
Goryanina / Statistical correlations in winter triticale hybrids no correlations observed between ear length, number of spikelets per ear, and kernel weight per ear in the reciprocal crossing
Summary
The main goal of a breeder is to create new generation varieties. To achieve this goal, it is not enough to rely only on the breeder’s intuition, but one needs optimal schemes of the selection process and modern methods of evaluation of the parent and hybrid material [1].The success of breeding improvement of triticale depends on methods of improvement of the parent material. The main goal of a breeder is to create new generation varieties. To achieve this goal, it is not enough to rely only on the breeder’s intuition, but one needs optimal schemes of the selection process and modern methods of evaluation of the parent and hybrid material [1]. The success of breeding improvement of triticale depends on methods of improvement of the parent material. A significant gene pool of triticale allows breeders to create new perspective varieties, using recombinant hybridization: crossing octoploid triticale with hexaploid, interhexaploid triticale breeding, octoploid and hexaploid triticale with wheat and rye. A great number of highly potential lines and varieties of winter triticale were bred for different regions of the world [2]
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