Statistical and spatial analysis of air pollution in the cities of Abha and Bisha in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Abstract

The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has experienced a notable impact as a result of population growth. Consequently, there is a heightened concern regarding urban air pollution and its effects on both individuals and society. This issue is of great importance in the development and expansion of cities within the region. The presence of air pollutants has been linked to various negative health outcomes, including the development of diseases, allergic reactions, and even fatalities in humans. Additionally, air pollution can have detrimental effects on other living organisms, such as animals and food crops, and can also cause harm to the natural environment, including contributing to climate change, ozone depletion, and land degradation in urban areas. The present study employs statistical analysis to regulate spatial theory to examine air pollution in the urban areas of Bisha and Abha in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The results showed that carbon emissions are lower in Abha than Bisha. The spatial theory shows that there are no carbon emissions from the factories in Abha and Bisha as the factories are located outside of the urban reach of both cities. The research findings indicate significant differences at a significance level of 0.05 in terms of the mean responses of the study participants from Abha and Bisha cities. The results favored Abha, with a study concerning carbon emissions was 0.005. In addition to the aforementioned results, various conclusions and recommendations were derived from the present investigation.