Abstract
Water production from unconventional reservoirs especially shale reservoirs has always been considered as the major challenges for petroleum industries that needs special requirements and facilities to treat the flow-back water and reinject to the reservoirs. The objective of this paper is to statistically measure the provided freshwater from treated water that is produced from reused water. The treated water is provided from different processes such as hydraulic fracturing, chemical enhanced oil recovery methods (such as polymer, surfactant, and foam flooding that are the main important techniques in recovery processes) from eight wells in Bangestan field in South of Iran. Moreover, photofenton-flotation separation methods are used in this field to treat the produced water from different processes. As a result, saving water percentage in the studied field for hydraulic fracturing processes is about 82% and therefore, the required fresh water is about 18%. Moreover, saving water percentage in the studied field for chemical recovery techniques is about 70% and therefore, the required fresh water is about 29%. The findings of this study can help for better understanding of the required fresh water for 1000 inhabitants can be saved through this system.
Highlights
During the operational performances of a hydrocarbon reservoir, flow-back water has contained different dissolved and hazardous materials such as solid droplets, toxic metals, and wide range of chemical materials that could be polluted the environment and might be hazardous for the working staffs on that area
Where n denotes each procedure such as hydraulic fracturing, chemical enhanced oil recovery techniques, and other well procedures, VT is the total treated flow-back water in all stages, V 2 is the inlet flow-back water to the photofentonflotation separation unit, and V1 is the treated flow-back water at the outlet of the separation unit
Saving water percentage in the studied field for hydraulic fracturing processes is about 82% and the required fresh water is about 18%
Summary
During the operational performances of a hydrocarbon reservoir, flow-back water has contained different dissolved and hazardous materials such as solid droplets, toxic metals, and wide range of chemical materials that could be polluted the environment and might be hazardous for the working staffs on that area. Due to the application of crude oil in different industrial purposes such as petrochemical industries and drug production, it is beneficial to produce more oil volumes with the more efficient and economical features such as chemical enhanced oil recovery and hydraulic fracturing techniques All of these techniques have required water for their performances, which should be recommended to reuse flow-back water instead of fresh water supply. According to the critical review of Conrad et al (2020) about the efficient methods of treatment for produced water, they found that U-PW quantity and composition investigation would be of importance on the analysis of treated water They have focused on several separation processes such as oxidation, floatation, and desalination techniques and their efficiency on the solids and chemical removals from flow-back water [2]. Suboyin et al (2020) have investigated the different essential parameters
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