Abstract
Electrochemical processes have proven their potential as effective technologies to treat wastewater from industrial, urban and agricultural activities, and thus, contribute towards a cleaner environment. In this study, we aimed to assess the effectiveness of the leading electrochemical technologies, such as electro-oxidation, electrochemical coagulation and electrochemical advanced oxidation processes (EAOPs), statistically for different types of anodes for the removal of various pollutants from wastewater along with their treatment efficiency. Anode is considered as a source of electron and an essential part of electrochemical processes. So, we have evaluated the relationship between different anode features such as anodic material, surface area versus removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD), dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and colour in various wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) by IBM SPSS Statistics 26. Apart from that, various process characteristics such as inter-electrode distance, system pH, reactor volume, current density and voltage were also considered in this investigation. From the regression analysis of the electrochemical coagulation system, it was found that the removal efficiency of pollutants is enhanced by the surface area of the electrodes along with the inter-electrode distance. Regarding electro-oxidation, it was seen that COD and colour removal are both dependent on the reaction time of the system, while the DOC removal rate of different EAOPs was strongly related to the reactor volume. Furthermore, the uncertainty of the regression analysis on pollutant removal efficiency prediction was assessed. Finally, sensitivity analysis was done by Monte-Carlo method to check modest changes from input variables.
Highlights
In the last few decades, many electrochemical technologies have been developed and are used as alternative approaches for the removal of diverse pollutants from wastewater and sludge
A comprehensive database was developed for electro-chemical processes using different anode material
Regression equations between colour removal, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) or chemical oxygen demand (COD) reduction with respect to the anode in various electrochemical treatments were developed for sludge and wastewater treatment
Summary
In the last few decades, many electrochemical technologies have been developed and are used as alternative approaches for the removal of diverse pollutants from wastewater and sludge Due to their high energy efficiency, amenability to safe operation and cost-effectiveness, electrochemical techniques have considerable potential for application in full-scale plants to remove impurities from liquids, gases and soils (Pulkka et al 2014). Electrochemical processes, such as electro coagulation (EC), electro-oxidation (EO) and electrochemical flotation (EF), have attracted much attention in recent years (Chen 2004; Feng et al 2016) since they are simple to operate and can completely remove numerous harmful pollutants before they reach aquatic habitats. Myburgh et al (2019) studied IrO2-Ta2O5/Ti anode for biodiesel wastewater and found 94% COD reduction by an integrated electrochemical process
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