Abstract
The purpose of this study is to delineate the main contributions controlling the chemical composition of groundwater and spring water samples at Jeju Island, South Korea. Groundwater and spring water can be grouped as three chemical types: Fresh water (Ca, Na-HCO3), sea water mixing (Na-Cl, SO4) and contamination (Ca-NO3, Cl). By factor analysis, three factors can explain about 87% of chemical variances: Factor 1 (Na+ and Cl−), factor 2 (NO3−), and factors 3 (HCO3−), which are regarded as indicative ions of sea water mixing, contamination and mineral-water interaction, respectively. Sea water intrusion in the southeastern area of Jeju Island is due to downward distribution of Seogwipo Formation, which plays a role as an aquiclude preventing sea water intrusion in other areas, under sea level at the southeastern coastal area. Nitrate contamination is likely to be affected by pollution sources, i.e., agricultural activities, horse farms and municipal sewage. Thermodynamic saturation index indicates that most of waters are undersaturated with respect to major minerals, which may result from insufficient reaction time within a permeable aquifer. The unsaturation state corresponds to low load scores of Ca, Mg, Na, K, and SiO2 in factor 3, which means a low contribution of mineral-water interaction.
Highlights
Jeju volcanic island is located at the margin of the southwestern part in Korean Peninsula (Figure 1a)
The statistical values of in situ measurement data and chemical compositions of groundwater and spring water in Jeju Island are given in Tables 1 and 2, respectively, according to three zones of their occurrence altitude and sampling months (July and October)
The potential factors controlling the chemical composition of groundwater and spring water would be mineral compositions of rock contacting along their flow paths, anthropogenic inputs according to land use, and sea water intrusion along a coastal line
Summary
Jeju volcanic island is located at the margin of the southwestern part in Korean Peninsula (Figure 1a). Jeju Island, which has been known as an attractive natural reserve area and beautiful scene, was designated as world natural heritage at 2007 by United National Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). Tourists greatly increased from 5.8 million in 2008 to 15 million in. For last 50 years, the population of Jeju Island has steadily increased from 358,085 in 1970 to. Water demand has been persistently increased from 146 thousand ton in 2008 to 212.5 thousand ton in 2017 along with the increase of population and tourists [1,2]. 1700 mm/year) in Korean Peninsula during last several ten years, surface water resources are always insufficient
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