Statins in Alcoholic and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Chronically Elevated Liver Enzymes

Abstract

The prevalence of alcoholic liver disease and non-alcoholic liver disease patients has nearly doubled over the past decades worldwide. Alcoholic liver disease among patients with chronic liver disease has increased with arisen due to alcohol consumption and obesity. The diagnosis plays a crucial role in treating such conditions based on the stages of liver functioning. The elevated liver enzymes are the key characterizing of identifying the alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and NAFLD. Later on, there is a progression of the disease conditions by developing fibrosis and cirrhosis, leading to liver carcinoma. The other state, steatohepatitis, is associated with an increase in liver-related and can lead to mortality. Risk factors for both diseases are growing, leading to various complications in health. There is no specific treatment up to date for these conditions, but statins play a crucial role in managing several liver disease conditions. The commonly used drug is hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG Co-A) reductase inhibitors. It is also known as statins, which help normalize liver enzymes in patients with elevated plasma aminotransferases. As a result, external liver damage is considered safe for the liver as the Statin medication at low to moderate dose usage. OBJECTIVES: The main scope of this review is to study the various factors like pharmacological actions, adverse events, and biochemical and liver cell imaging results in patients with ALD and NAFLD. The different types of statins used in alcoholic and non-alcoholic patients’ clinical data for the safety of the statin therapy were concluded in this review. Fatty liver changes of both liver disease conditions were studied using different drugs. The other liver enzymes like Alanine transaminase (ALT), Aspartate transaminase (AST), Gamma-glutamyl Transferase (GGT), and the effectiveness of Statin therapy are considered vital concepts in this review.