Abstract
The 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors (statins) are a class of lipid-lowering medications by inhibiting the enzyme HMG-CoA reductase. Statins are important drugs for the prevention of cardiovascular disease. The prominent value of statins is well established during the past three decades. The efficacy and safety of statins have been evaluated in many large randomized controlled trials. Currently, emerging concerns with statin-induced liver toxicity (SILT) and muscle toxicity (SIMT) have been introduced. However, exact mechanisms of SILT and SIMT have not been well understood. Moreover, there is an increasing concern currently about their safety associated with genetic polymorphisms. Thus, this article reviews the mechanisms of statin-drug interactions and their adverse effects with a particular focus on SILT and SIMT. It is recommended that the specific pharmacology for the different statins should be understood to maximize their benefit and minimize statin-induced toxicity. Significant toxicity may be induced by statin-drug interactions, and understanding how certain drugs interact with statins will help physicians in safely prescribing these agents.
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