Abstract
BackgroundStatins may potentiate the effects of anti-hormonal agents for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) through further disruption of essential steroidogenic processes. We investigated the effects of statin use on clinical outcomes in patients with mCRPC receiving abiraterone or enzalutamide.Materials and methodsThis was a retrospective multicenter study including patients that received abiraterone or enzalutamide for mCRPC. The effect of concurrent statin use on outcomes was evaluated. The associations of statins with early (≤12 weeks) prostate-specific antigen (PSA) declines (> 30%), cancer-specific survival and overall survival (OS) were evaluated after controlling for known prognostic factors.ResultsFive hundred and ninety-eight patients treated with second-line abiraterone or enzalutamide after docetaxel for mCRPC were included. A total of 199 men (33.3%) received statins during abiraterone/enzalutamide treatment. Median OS was 20.8 months (95% CI = 18.3–23.2) for patients who received statins, versus 12.9 months (95% CI = 11.4–14.6) for patients who did not receive statins (P < 0.001). After adjusting for age, alkaline phosphatase, PSA, neutrophil-to-lymphocytes ratio, Charlson comorbidity score, Gleason score, visceral disease, hemoglobin, opiate use and abiraterone versus enzalutamide treatment, the use of statin therapy was associated with a 53% reduction in the overall risk of death (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.47; 95% CI = 0.35–0.63; P < 0.001). Statin use was also associated with a 63% increased odds of a > 30% PSA decline within the first 12 weeks of treatment (OR = 1.63; 95% CI = 1.03–2.60; P = 0.039).ConclusionsIn this retrospective cohort, statin use was significantly associated with both prolonged OS and cancer-specific survival and increased early > 30% PSA declines. Prospective validation is warranted.
Highlights
In developed countries, prostate cancer is the most prevalent malignancy in men, with 142,000 patients dying each year, and an 8.8% cumulative lifetime incidence [1]
After adjusting for age, alkaline phosphatase, prostate-specific antigen (PSA), neutrophil-to-lymphocytes ratio, Charlson comorbidity score, Gleason score, visceral disease, hemoglobin, opiate use and abiraterone versus enzalutamide treatment, the use of statin therapy was associated with a 53% reduction in the overall risk of death
Statin use was associated with a 63% increased odds of a > 30% PSA decline within the first 12 weeks of treatment (OR = 1.63; 95% CI = 1.03–2.60; P = 0.039)
Summary
Prostate cancer is the most prevalent malignancy in men, with 142,000 patients dying each year, and an 8.8% cumulative lifetime incidence [1]. A preponderance of evidence from numerous studies, mostly conducted in patients with hormonesensitive disease, has shown that statin use in prostate cancer patients is associated with longer cancer-specific and overall survival (OS) [4]. In a recently published study of a large, registry-based cohort, which included >30,000 prostate cancer patients [5], statin use was predictive of improved cancer-specific and OS, after adjusting for stage, Gleason score and primary treatment at diagnosis. There is little evidence regarding the effects of statins among patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), and the potential synergism with active systemic treatments (e.g., abiraterone and enzalutamide). Statins may potentiate the effects of anti-hormonal agents for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) through further disruption of essential steroidogenic processes. We investigated the effects of statin use on clinical outcomes in patients with mCRPC receiving abiraterone or enzalutamide
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