Static–dynamic sequential superheated liquid extraction of phenols and fatty acids from alperujo

Abstract

Superheated liquids of different polarity have been used for sequential extraction of fatty acids and phenols from alperujo. Multivariate methodology has been used to optimise the static-dynamic extraction. Forty-two minutes are required to complete extraction (20 mg/kg of fatty acids and up to 2,200 mg/kg of hydroxytyrosol in the raw material used). The efficacy of the extraction has been demonstrated and compared with that of conventional methods (Folch and stirring-based methods for fatty acids and phenols, respectively), which needed 4.5 and 24 h for the extraction of fatty acids and phenols, respectively. The non-polar and polar extracts were injected into GC-MS and HPLC-MS-MS equipment, respectively, for individual separation-quantification of the target compounds. The simplicity of the experimental setup and the low costs of the raw material make the proposed method advisable when extraction of both fractions is required.