Abstract
Load safety is a critical component of successful logistic operations. Different influencing factors can affect the necessity of intensive load securing methods. The most dominant factor is the friction characteristics of the intended cargo. A cargo with special requirements on load safety is debarked roundwood. Due to modern forestry challenges, larger amounts of debarked roundwood assortments are now being produced within German forest operations. To assess the influence of debarking onto the static and sliding frictions of Norway spruce, pulling tests were performed and compared to barked assortments. Results showed that a significant difference in both static and sliding frictions exists between barked and debarked assortments within the first seven days after harvesting. However, this significant difference became less prominent after the logs continued to dry out and no difference was detected after 21 days. Over the monitored period, debarked assortments presented a 40%–45% faster drying rate than barked assortments. This resulted in a calculated 11%–28% additional transportable net load (m3) of debarked roundwood assortments for long trailer systems. Hence, debarked roundwood can be treated similarly to barked roundwood if stored long enough prior to road transportation, while having the potential of increased savings within the wood logistic chain.
Highlights
Over the past 25 years, the transport capacity in Germany has increased by ~90%, while the amount of accidents caused by freight traffic with fatal or severe injuries decreased simultaneously by58% and 45% severe injuries [1]
The pulling length and and resolution of the measurements were increased to accommodate the faster pulling speed resolution of the measurements were increased to accommodate the faster pulling speed and to and to assure that local distortion factors such as branches or poor shape structure did not influence assure that local distortion factors such as branches or poor shape structure did not influence the full the full pulling attempt
The focus of this study was to assess the difference between bark and debarked roundwood assortments according the static and sliding frictions, and to suggest improvements concerning load safety
Summary
Over the past 25 years, the transport capacity in Germany has increased by ~90%, while the amount of accidents caused by freight traffic with fatal or severe injuries decreased simultaneously by58% (fatal) and 45% severe injuries [1]. The frequency of unreported cases is suspected to be even higher [2] Those accidents and the fact that 3.6 billion tons of cargo was transported on German roads in 2016, highlight the importance of conscientious cargo security [2]. During 2016, over 52 million m3 of wood were harvested in German forests and were subsequently transported on public roads towards the intended processing facility or to loading sites for bi-modal transportation via ships or trains [3,4]. Transporting this significant volume of wood with open-type
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