Abstract
A physical model study on the row averaged static and dynamic load on the bottom row of single layer armour units in order to investigate the influence of various parameters such as the number of rows on the slope of a breakwater and the initial relative packing density.
Highlights
Interlocking, single layer concrete armour units are placed on a staggered grid which dimensions depend on the type of armour unit
This figure show a relation between the number of rows applied on the slope of a breakwater and the load imposed on the bottom row of armour units which approaches an equilibrium of 1.05 Funit per unit on the bottom row (+/- 25%) after about 10 rows
The variation of critical angles indicated that some armour units are fully supported by armour units of the lower row, while others are fully supported by the underlayer
Summary
Interlocking, single layer concrete armour units are placed on a staggered grid which dimensions depend on the type of armour unit. This implies that armour units are commonly placed in horizontal rows. The number of horizontal rows on a breakwater is limited to 20 This limit is proposed in order to prevent major settlements, which might affect the interlocking of the armour units. The number of rows might have an effect on the load on the armour units of the bottom row, which is exerted on these units by other units further upslope. The load exerted on the armour units of the bottom row has not been addressed in earlier studies
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