Abstract
A novel bidirectional remotely controlled device for static and dynamic compression/decompression using diamond anvil cells (DACs) has been developed that can control pressure in an accurate and consistent manner. Electromechanical piezoelectric actuators are applied to a conventional DAC, allowing applications under a variety of pressure conditions. Using this static and dynamic DAC (s-dDAC), it is possible to addresses the poorly studied experimental regime lying between purely static and purely dynamic studies. The s-dDAC, driven by three piezoelectric actuators, can be combined with a time-resolved spectral measurement system and high-speed imaging device to study the structural changes, chemical reactions, and properties of materials under extreme conditions. The maximum compression/decompression rate or pressure range highly depends on the culet size of the anvil, and a higher compression rate and wider pressure range can be realized in a DAC with smaller anvil culet. With our s-dDAC, we have been able to achieve the highest compression rate to date with a 300 μm culet anvil: 48 TPa/s. An overview of a variety of experimental measurements possible with our device is presented.
Highlights
High-pressure experimental techniques have conventionally been classified as adopting one of two different approaches: static high pressure and dynamic high pressure
Dynamic high-pressure experiments are considered to be adiabatic because of the rapid pressurization that is used, while static highpressure experiments are considered to be isothermal because of the slow pressurization.1. There is another approach to pressure loading/unloading that is exemplified by the static and dynamic diamond anvil cell (s-dDAC) considered in this paper, for which the pressurization rate is higher than that of the static highpressure technique and lower than that of the dynamic high-pressure technique
The major advantages of the static and dynamic DAC (s-dDAC) system are that it allows effective pressure changes with ultrahigh pressure and spatio-temporal resolutions, it can be combined with equipment for time-resolved spectroscopy, and it has a large lateral space available, which is conducive to the development of electrical and heating experiments
Summary
High-pressure experimental techniques have conventionally been classified as adopting one of two different approaches: static high pressure and dynamic high pressure. Sun and co-workers developed a piezoelectrically driven dDAC device that was able to achieve continuous in situ tuning of high pressures at temperatures as low as 20 K They applied this device to the measurement of low-temperature pressuredependent spectra of single quantum dots and two-dimensional layered materials.. The major advantages of the s-dDAC system are that it allows effective pressure changes with ultrahigh pressure and spatio-temporal resolutions, it can be combined with equipment for time-resolved spectroscopy, and it has a large lateral space available, which is conducive to the development of electrical and heating experiments It is an effective instrument for exploring fundamental problems in physics, chemistry, materials science, earth sciences, and biology under extreme conditions
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