Abstract
Experimental investigations on soil samples collected from the sites of Baraut, Noida and Mandi in North India have been performed to study the static and cyclic behavior of soil. Liquefaction potential of the sites near Himalayan range is also carried out. The SPT and downhole seismic tests have been performed for the estimation of static and dynamic properties of soil. Strain-controlled cyclic triaxial tests are also carried out on soil samples collected from the borehole at various depths up to 30 m for the evaluation of dynamic soil properties. The study examined the effects of parameters such as cyclic shear strain, loading frequency and overburden pressure on the cyclic behavior of the soil. One- and two-dimensional dynamic response analysis has been performed on three sites. The initiation of initial liquefaction ranged from 202 to 752 cycles for the Baraut site, 212 to 722 cycles for the Noida site, and 121 to 617 cycles for the Mandi sites. The final design response spectra of the sites are obtained from 1D ground response analysis. The results from the response analysis have been compared with the reported results. The soils from the present study areas are prone to liquefaction at 10 m to 15 m from the ground surface.
Highlights
Recent major earthquakes such as the 2015 earthquake in Nepal (Mw-7.8), the 2013 earthquake in Pakistan (Mw-8.2), the 2014 earthquake in China (Mw-6.2), the 2012 earthquake in Iran (Mw-6.4), the 2011 earthquake in Turkey (Mw-7.2), the 2011 earthquake in Japan (Mw-8.9), the 2010 earthquake in China (Mw-6.9), and the 2010 earthquake in Haiti (Mw-7.0) have resulted in a huge loss of life and the destruction of important structures [1]
Considering the above facts, field study, static and dynamic tests have been conducted on the soils from Baraut, Noida and Mandi sites to study the variations in Standard penetration tests (SPT)-N values, shear wave velocity values, shear strength of soil samples and dynamic properties of soil samples with depth
Two-dimensional analysis has been conducted on soils to examine the variation in peak ground acceleration (PGA), peak ground displacement (PGD) and excess pore pressure ratio (EPPR) using the scale-down ground motion data of three earthquakes of Himalayan origin (i.e., Chamba, Chamoli and Uttarkashi)
Summary
Recent major earthquakes such as the 2015 earthquake in Nepal (Mw-7.8), the 2013 earthquake in Pakistan (Mw-8.2), the 2014 earthquake in China (Mw-6.2), the 2012 earthquake in Iran (Mw-6.4), the 2011 earthquake in Turkey (Mw-7.2), the 2011 earthquake in Japan (Mw-8.9), the 2010 earthquake in China (Mw-6.9), and the 2010 earthquake in Haiti (Mw-7.0) have resulted in a huge loss of life and the destruction of important structures [1]. Jishnu et al [8] carried out one- and two-dimensional ground response analyses of Kanpur They reported the soils at deeper depth are prone to liquefaction. Naik et al [9] conducted one- and two-dimensional dynamic response analyses of soils from Rudrapur and Khatima sites located in the Uttarakhand state of northern India. They reported the soils at shallow depth are prone to liquefaction. No field study and response analysis have been reported in these sites near to the earthquake recording stations of Baraut, Noida and Mandi sites. The liquefaction potentials of soils from present study have been compared with the reported results adjoining to Indo-Gangetic plain
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