Statewide Experience with Clostridium difficile Colitis in Academic and Non-Academic Medical Centers

Abstract

Clostridium difficile colitis is a nosocomial infection that can present as minor, readily treated symptoms or as fulminant colitis leading to death. Risk factors for C. difficile colitis have been defined, and certain populations of hospitalized patients appear to be particularly susceptible. However, most information on C. difficile colitis is from large tertiary-care medical centers. Whether the community hospital experience is similar to that of large referral centers is unknown. We abstracted all cases of C. difficile colitis (ICD-9-CM 008.45) for 2003-2005 from a state database and divided the hospitals into academic and nonacademic centers. Cases were stratified according to whether the colitis was listed as the primary presenting diagnosis or a secondary diagnosis. Demographic information, associated diagnoses, length of stay, and deaths were analyzed. The incidence of C. difficile colitis increased from 2003 to 2005, and the majority of cases occurred at nonacademic centers. Patients in nonacademic centers more frequently had C. difficile colitis as the primary diagnosis, had a shorter length of stay, were older, and were more frequently women. The mortality rate was higher for secondary (8.5%) than for primary (2.6%; p < 0.05) C. difficile colitis, but there was no difference between academic and nonacademic centers. The incidence of C. difficile colitis is increasing in this statewide database. Compared with academic medical centers, nonacademic centers deal with a higher rate of primary C. difficile colitis that is associated with a lower mortality rate and shorter stay than secondary colitis.