Statewide Analysis Reveals Period of Well-Child Visit Attendance for Earlier Diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder

Abstract

To explore the relationship between well-child visit (WCV) attendance during early childhood and age at autism spectrum disorder (ASD) diagnosis using data drawn from a statewide all-payer claims database. We used a correlational study design with longitudinal data drawn from the Virginia All-Payer Claims Database. All children born in 2011 with a diagnosis of ASD were included (n=253). Survival analysis determined the impact of WCV attendance on ASD diagnosis at each American Academy of Pediatrics-recommended early childhood visit, and the 5-year visit. Survival analysis revealed a significant impact of WCV attendance at the 24-month, 3-, and 4-year visits on earlier ASD diagnosis. Children who attended the 24-month visit were diagnosed nearly 10months earlier than those who did not. Overall, children with ASD attended fewer than 50% of visits during early childhood. Promoting consistent WCV attendance during early childhood is an actionable strategy for improving early identification of ASD. Further exploration is needed to determine barriers to visit attendance and the impact of patterns of early childhood WCV attendance on age of ASD diagnosis. Development and implementation of interventions to promote adherence to the American Academy of Pediatrics-recommended visits is needed.