Abstract
Advancements in wind energy technologies have led wind turbines from fixed speed to variable speed operation. This paper introduces an innovative version of a variable-speed wind turbine based on a model predictive control (MPC) approach. The proposed approach provides maximum power point tracking (MPPT), whose main objective is to capture the maximum wind energy in spite of the variable nature of the wind’s speed. The proposed MPC approach also reduces the constraints of the two main functional parts of the wind turbine: the full load and partial load segments. The pitch angle for full load and the rotating force for the partial load have been fixed concurrently in order to balance power generation as well as to reduce the operations of the pitch angle. A mathematical analysis of the proposed system using state-space approach is introduced. The simulation results using MATLAB/SIMULINK show that the performance of the wind turbine with the MPC approach is improved compared to the traditional PID controller in both low and high wind speeds.
Highlights
Wind energy has known wide research interest over the past years [1,2,3,4]
Most of the commercial wind turbines are operated by controlling the blade pitch angle
This technique outperforms proportional integral derivative (PID) and PD methods by widening the operation point range, it is limited in terms of the level of performance they offer to the wind turbines with non-linear characteristics [19,20,21,22,23]
Summary
Wind energy has known wide research interest over the past years [1,2,3,4]. Research focuses on various aspects such as reliability [5], system stability, security, low-voltage ridethrough faults, energy profile, current movement, the short circuit flows and responsive power ability [6]. Gain scheduling control is another linear technique that has been suggested as a way of introducing the linear features in the power systems This technique outperforms PID and PD methods by widening the operation point range, it is limited in terms of the level of performance they offer to the wind turbines with non-linear characteristics [19,20,21,22,23]. MPC or PID controls the inputs to generator model and pitch actuator system to improve wind turbine efficiency. Pitch actuator model: this part consists of a mechanical servo that rotates the turbine blades against the wind to regulate the generator rotor speed. Both follow different laws with the output energy following the cube law while the torque takes the square law
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