Abstract
Estimation of the State-of-Health (SOH) of Lithium-ion Batteries (LIBs) is commonly conducted using in-situ measurement methods, such as Incremental Capacity Analysis (ICA) and Differential Voltage Analysis (DVA) as well as impedance based techniques. In this study, we present an alternative method for SOH estimation: The nonlinear dynamic measurement method Nonlinear Frequency Response Analysis (NFRA) is shown to be able to estimate capacity fade of LIBs due to loss of active material. Capacity loss correlates with the quotient of the root mean square of the second and the third harmonic response for different excitation amplitudes in the frequency range sensitive to electrochemical reactions at approximately 1 Hz. The results of the experimental cycle-aging study are validated and further analyzed by using a reaction model containing Butler-Volmer kinetics with a dynamic charge balance of the electrode. Simulations show that the NFR quotient and capacity fade due to loss of specific surface area correlate exactly. We identify the NFR quotient as a reliable, easily measurable parameter for the diagnosis of the SOH of LIBs. Therefore, this study reveals a novel approach for SOH estimation of LIBs based on dynamic analysis with NFRA.
Highlights
To cite this article: Nina Harting et al 2019 J
Diffusion in the spherical particles is coupled to the electrochemical reactions via the activity of Lithium at particle surface, which is a nonlinear function of concentration. Those processes cause specific nonlinearities measurable by Nonlinear Frequency Response Analysis (NFRA), which we demonstrated in our previous studies.[19,20]
Due to their different parities, even Y2n as well as odd harmonics Y2n+1 each have a different characteristic dependency on the input amplitude and frequency. Their intensity decreases with increasing n. We have examined this dependency for Lithium-Ion batteries in our previous work, by investigating individual higher harmonic responses Yn as well as the square root of the squares of all higher harmonics over the inlet frequency.[19]
Summary
To cite this article: Nina Harting et al 2019 J. We present NFRA in a novel quantification approach for the SOH estimation by correlating specific NFR-based signals to cyclic-aging induced capacity fade of LIBs. we explicitly take advantage of the characteristic, highly informative dependency of nonlinear cell processes on the excitation amplitude IAC , which has not been analyzed yet.
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